Magical Tulsi Benefits

The Tulsi is regarded as a sacred plant in Hinduism, and is an essential component in many rituals. The word, Tulsi literally means , “Incomparable” and true to its name, this plant is truly incomparable because of its medicinal uses. In the stories of Bhagavata and Mahabharata, Tulsi is said to be a devotee of Lord Vishunu, who took reincarnation in the form of a plant that would be offered to Lord Vishnu for his worship. In the Pardma Purana Lord Shiva describes the utilities of Tulsi to Narad.
In our holy scriptures tulsi is addressed by many names like Ajaka, Surasah, Manjari, Parnasa, Bhutagni and Haripriya.

The place around a tulsi plant is considered sacred. A person who is on his deathbed is given tulsi water to drink in order to cleanse his soul. The tulsi also purifies the air. It has been scientifically proved that the tulsi prevents mosquitoes from coming near it, thereby reducing the incidence of malaria. It also has great medicinal properties,and can tackle all types of fevers. The juice of tulsi leaves cures cough and cold.

The sages of yore asked us to nurture and take care of such a magical plant by asking us to worship it and advised us to equate it with the Almighty. Our forefathers were not worshippers of non-living things without any logic; behind each ritual there exists a reason.

Asking certain things to worship means, asking the people to honour and preserve them. Worship of tulsi was a trick by the sages to ask to preserve it. Consequently, people started taking care of this plant and planted it near their home. Hindu tradition teaches us to pay obedience and gratitude to something that is beneficial for us. And the worship of tulsi was just an expression of this gratitude.

BENEFITS OF TULSI:

• Tulsi enhances immunity and metabolic function.
• The anti cough properties of tulsi are well-known.
• It is also helpful in the respiratory problems
• Tulsi also has anti stress properties. It can reduce the level of stress in a human being.
• Tulsi also has anti diabetic properties. In the studies, it have been found that it can reduce the level of glocuse in blood. 
• Tulsi is a de-toxicant. Its regular use can prevent heart attack.

The British, during their rule in India used to mock at the Indians for their beliefs on Tulsi. But when it was discovered by modern medical sciene that tulsi has anabolic, muscle relaxant, hypoglycemic, cardiac depressant, anti-allergic, adaptogenic antifertility and immunomodulator properties, people from all over the world started using tulsi in medicines and growing it.

Most of the facts of Hindu traditions are science. Only they are waiting to be discovered in the light of modern science. So, it will be unwise to ignore something as age-old traditions and many secrets of science are hidden in it.

FESTIVAL OF TULSI:

In Hindu mythology, Tulsi is regarded as the consort of Lord Vishnu. So, she is equalled to Goddess Lakshmi. Tulsi festival is celebrated each year. On this day, she is occassionaly married to Vishnu. This festival is celebrated on  the eleventh day of Shukla Paksha in the month of Kartika. Fom this day, the the marriage season in India also starts. The days after this day are regarded as auspicious.

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Significance of Ganga Snan

Gangafalls on the full moon day (Purnima) in the month of Kartik (mid-November to mid-December), which is the eighth month of the Indian lunar calendar. People bathe on this specific day and pray to Goddess Ganga. They also take an oath that they will not commit any sin.

The significance of this ritual is that if a sinner confesses his sin and starts leading an honest life, he can attain heaven. Bathing in the Ganga is considered equivalent to a confession that one has committed sins in life and he or she has promised to lead an honest lifestyle thereafter, living a sinless life. But if a person again starts committing sins, such a person can never attain heaven even after bathing a thousand times in the Ganga.

There is a story regarding the significance of Ganga Snan. Once, Lord Shiva wanted to see the Earth and so he came down to Earth along with Parvati and Nandi. On their arrival, they saw hundreds of people heading towards the Ganga for a holy bath.

Parvati was surprised and asked Lord Shiva, “You told me that whoever bathes in the Ganga gets salvation and comes to heaven. Do you think that there is sufficient place in heaven for all these people who are heading towards the Ganga?” Lord Shiva smiled and said, “Only a very few of them will be able to come to heaven. Only the person who has come for a holy bath with a pious mind and promises not to commit any sin thereafter can come to heaven. Most of these people have come simply to get rid of their responsibilities, or just show off their religious mind, and some are only satisfying their ego by bathing in the Ganga. Such people will never attain the desired results of a holy dip.”

But Parvati wanted to see for herself, So she told Shiva that she wanted to go to the Ganges riverbank. Both disguised themselves, Shiva as a man afflicted with leprosy and Parvati as his beautiful wife. The disguised Parvati started asking for help. She asked passers-by to help her give a holy bath to her husband so that he would be relieved from this miserable disease. But no one listened to them. Some passed sarcastic and mean comments, while others asked her to leave her leper husband, and still others tried to convince her to marry them and leave the leper husband.

Only one person offered to help and took the disguised Shiva for a holy bath. Then Shiva and Parvati appeared before him in their true form, and blessed him.
Parvati also experienced at first-hand what Lord Shiva had told her.

Festivals of Ganga: 
Ganga Dussehra 
Ganga Dussehra is a festival celebrated in the honour of Goddess Ganga. It is celebrated on the tenth day of the month of Jyaishtha (mid-May to mid-June) in Shukla Paksha. On this day, Goddess Ganga descended to Earth. The word “Dussehra” means that which takes away ten sins.

On this day, people wake up early in the morning and take a holy dip in the Ganga by chanting “Har Har Gange, Har Har Gange”. In places that are far away from the Ganga, people bathe in nearby tank or river and pray to the Ganga. Bathing in the Ganga on this particular day is more significant according to the Hindu scriptures.
 Besides Ganga Dussehra,

Ganga in Mahabharata
An interesting story of Ganga is mentioned in the Mahabharata. Ganga was Bhisma’s mother. King Shantanu, Bhisma’s father, fell in love with Ganga.

Ganga promised to marry him under one condition that Shantanu will never question any action of hers. The king agreed and they got married. When their children were born, Ganga would, each and every time, float them in the river. She did it till the seventh child. When she was about to float the eighth child in the river, King Shantanu stopped her.

As the king broke his promise, Ganga left him forever. Ganga informed him that she was saving the children from a curse. The eighth child was the last cursed child. After that they could have lived happily. Now, the eighth child would have to suffer for that curse. We have read in the Mahabharata the sufferings that Bhisma faced throughout his life.

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THE RIVER GODDESS GANGA

GODDESS GANGA
Ganga (also known as the Ganges) is considered as the holiest river in Hinduism. She is depicted as an extremely beautiful woman, with a white crown adorning her head.
The crocodile is her vahana. She is depicted with a water lily in her right hand and a lute in her left hand. Though the word “Ganga” is mentioned only twice in the Rig Veda, the deity received more significance in the scriptures that were written in the post-Rig Veda era.

Ganga is also known as Vishnu Pada (one who takes birth from Lord Vishnu’s feet). There is a legend that Ganga was produced from the sweat of Lord Vishnu’s feet. Lord Brahma caught it and filled in his kamandala

The tale of Ganga’s descent to Earth from heaven is very popular.

There ruled a king named Sagara in Ayodhya. He had 60,000 sons. When his power and strength increased, King Sagara decided to perform the Rajasuya Yagna. What is so special of this yagna, and who all can perform this yagna?) Indra, the king of the gods, was alarmed by this yagna as he realized that King Sagara would become very powerful once he performed this yagna, and was afraid that he might dethrone him. So he stole the horse of the Ashwamedha Yagna (Rajasuya has been mentioned earlier) and took it to patal. He quietly kept the horse where Sage Kapila was meditating, and went away. Searching for the horse, Sagara‘s sons eventually reached patal and saw the horse standing near Sage Kapila. Mistaking the sage as the thief, they started beating him. His meditation broken, and subjected to such humiliation, his anger reduced all the princes into ashes.

Narada broke the news of his sons’ fate to King Sagara, who was deeply shocked. He prayed to Sage Kapila, and begged pardon, seeking that his sons be brought back to life. Kapila advised him to bring Ganga on the earth and then to patal and when the ashes of his sons are touched by Ganga, they would get salvation.

Seeing no hope in bringing /Ganga to earth, the king renounced his throne and went to the forest by giving his throne to his only surviving son.After many years, Bhagiratha, the great grandson of Sagara, took the responsibility of bringing Ganga to Earth. Taking Shiva’s blessing, he started his mission of bringing Ganga to Earth. Bhagiratha feared that the Earth would be washed away if Ganga fell directly on the Earth. So Ganga’s descent from the heavens was broken into three parts. Lord Shiva “locked” Ganga in his matted hair and controlled her power and force, allowing only a small part of Ganga to flow through the Earth. Bhagiratha, by blowing his conch, showed her the way to flow and ultimately she reached patal and flowed over the ashes of the long-dead sons of Sagara.

Ganga in the Three Worlds
With Ganga’s descent to the Earth, the gods feared that her absence in heaven may create problems. Ganga was needed in heaven as well to wash off their sins. They prayed to Lord Brahma to solve their problem. Brahma assured them that a part of Ganga would remain in heaven too. Consequently, Ganga exists in the three worlds: heaven, Earth and patal. She is known as Mandakini in heaven, Ganga in Earth and Bhagirathi in patal.

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KING OF THE GODS-INDRA

In Hindu mythology, Indra is depicted as the king of the gods, and subsequently as the king of heavens. Airavata, the elephant is his vahana. Airavata appeared during the churning of the sea. Indra’s reign extends for a hundred divine years.

He resides in Mount Meru in heaven, and his capital is narrated as a place of ecstasy and pleasure: it’s full of beautiful houses and palaces, gardens, diamond pillars, with thrones and furniture made of gold. It is 800 miles in circumference and 40 miles high. Fragrant flowers spread their aromas enticing all. Apsaras (nymphs) charm the inhabitants with music and dance.

Indra is depicted with four hands. With two hands, he holds a lance; the third hand carries a thunderbolt. The fourth hand is empty. Sometimes he is also depicted with two arms and with eyes all over his body. In this appearance, Indra is also called Sahasraksha, which means “The Thousand Eyed”. In this appearance, Indra carries a thunderbolt in his right hand and a bow in his left hand.

Indra is the god of firmament. As per our mythology, refreshing showers come at his command. In Vedic verses, the valour of Indra is described in a story. The clouds that the winds brought from the sea refused to rain, till Indra forced them to pour down on Earth. In some other verses, he is mentioned as the twin brother of Agni, and Agni is mentioned as a twin brother of Heaven and Earth, it can be assumed from the verses that Indra is also the son of Heaven and Earth.

Although Indra is regarded as the king of gods and Heaven, Indra is hardly given any importance in religious rituals and he is not popular in the present day and age. Still, he is worshipped in a few places in India before any auspicious festival, with the expectation of good weather. Temples dedicated to Indra is also not common in localities inhabited by Hindus.

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LIFE OF DEITY HANUMAN

Hanuman, the monkey god of Hinduism and son of Vayu (God of Wind) and Anjana, is the ultimate personification of devotion. Hanuman is the only character who appears both in the Ramayana and the Mahabharata. Moreover, we find a description of Hanuman in the Agni Purana.His devotion and loyalty to Rama is beyond any comparison. Lord Hanuman is worshipped in a number of temples in India. Sometimes his idol is set up standing alone or sometimes he is worshipped with a Rama-Sita duo image.

Worshipped for strength and prosperity, Hanuman is also the most favoured deity of young men, especially wrestlers and sportsmen. Tales of his bravery, valour and wit have regaled many generations, as have stories of how he changed his shape and size to get the better of a demon or hostile creature in his various endeavours.

In his childhood, Hanuman saw the Sun and was sure it was a ripe fruit hanging in the sky. He increased his size, leapt up into the sky and swallowed the Sun. All the gods and goddesses were worried as darkness filled the universe with the disappearance of the sun. Realizing Hanuman’s power, they all pleaded with him to release the sun. Hanuman complied, and the universe was saved.

In another story, Hanuman was swallowed by a demon. He then increased his size, till eventually the demon was forced to release him. In yet another story, Lord Hanuman made himself very tiny after being swallowed by a demon. Then he came out through the demon’s ear.

Lord Hanuman’s exploits are also narrated in the stories of Ramayana. When he allowed himself to be caught in Lanka and his tail was set on fire, he set himself free, and leapt from building to building, palace to palace, razing down the beautiful city of Lanka, with his burning tail. Then again, in one of the battles between Rama and Ravana, Lakshman fell unconscious. Hanuman was told to get the herb Sanjivani before sundown from the Himalayan foothills if Lakshman was to be saved. Hanuman flew there all the way from Lanka, but in spite of searching for the plant, could not locate it. Hence, he lifted the entire mountain and returned to Lanka with it before sundown, thus saving not only Lakshman but many other critically wounded warriors.

Hanuman was also vastly knowledgeable. It has been mentioned in the Ramayana, that
“The Chief of the banarsena was a perfect being. No one could equal him in the learning of scriptures and comprehending their inner meanings. He was also the ninth author of grammar. Rama blessed his greatest devotee Hanuman with perpetual youth and immortality.

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SARASWATI - GODDESS OF KNOWLEDGE & ART

The wife of Brahma, Saraswati is,the goddess of knowledge and learning. In the Brahma Vaivarta Purana, it has been mentioned that Lord Vishnu had three wives, namely, Lakshmi, Saraswati and Ganga. Since they were quarrelling with each other, he decided to offer Ganga to Shiva and Saraswati to Brahma. But this story is less discussed in other scriptures.

Saraswati is the mother of the Vedas. She is visualized in the form of an extremely beautiful woman, dressed in white. She sits on a lotus and carries a lute in her hands. The swan is her vahana. Goddess Saraswati has four hands. In her two other hands she carries a book and a garland of pearls known as Shiva Mala (The garland of Shiva) (What does she hold in her 4th hand?). It is believed that she invented writing (the Devanagari script). It is also believed that the Vedas have sprung from her head. Saraswati is worshipped on the day of Basant Panchami (the fifth day of expanding moon, a fortnight in the Hindu month of Magha (mid-Jan to mid-Feb). It’s also the first day of the spring season. Saraswati puja is very popular in eastern India.

Temples dedicated to Saraswati are very rare. Still, some Saraswati temples exist in India and Nepal.

Other Names of Saraswati

• Bharati (in her manifestation as Eloquence)
• Maha Vidya (Transcendental Knowledge)
• Vach Devi (Goddess of Speech)
• Maha Vani (TTranscendental Word)
• Arya (Noble One)
• Brahmi ( Power of Immense Being)
• Bhija Garbha (Seed of the Word)
• Dhameshwari(Diversity of Wealth)

The Goddess of Music
Saraswati is also the goddess of music. She is associated with music in all its aspects. If a person is studying and practicing music, he or she should invoke Saraswati for her blessings. For all intelligence related activities, Goddess Saraswati should be prayed for spiritual energy and devotion.

In mythology, some stories of enmity between Lakshmi and Saraswati are found. Lakshmi is the goddess of wealth and Saraswati is the goddess of learning. Their enmity  implies that wealth and learning can never be combined. In the quest of knowledge, wealth should not come in the way.

Saraswati has a unique position in Hindu mythology. Unlike the major gods and the goddess of Hinduism, she does not have a Purana dedicated to her. All the other deities have a Purana that tells us stories about them, as well as the benefits of worshipping them. But no such Purana is available in Hindu traditions. Saraswati has been worshipped since time immemorial as the goddess of learning, art and speech. She is the inspiration of students in acquiring knowledge. With devotion to Saraswati comes devotion and dedication in learning.

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PARVATI – THE SUPREME MOTHER

Parvati is Shiva’s consort and Hindu mythology has many an interesting tale of the love shared between Shiva and Parvati. Like other gods and goddesses
In Hindu mythology, Parvati is Shiva’s constant companion. In the scriptures, it’s found that Parvati often questions Shiva, on the abstractness of Hindu philosophy and Shiva explains it all to her. Many difficult issues are sorted out and explained in the form of questions and answers between Shiva and Parvati.

Why Parvati is Worshipped

Girls seek Parvati’s blessings so that they’ll be married to virtuous men. Married women also worship her for a happy married life.
In matters related to delayed marriages the swayamvara parvathi homa is advised; our scriptures talk about the rituals that should be performed in this homa.  The Parvati vrat should also be observed, which starts from the thirteenth day of Ashadha in the Shukla Paksha. It continues for five days. Consumption of salt is prohibited during this vrat.

Gangaur or the Fast of Gauri is observed on the first day of the Krishna Paksha in the month of Chaitra (mid-March to mid-April). Women or girls make 16 idols of Goddess Gauri and they are worshipped with flowers and rice. Goddess Gauri is prayed for blessings This fast and the rituals continue for 16 days, after which the idols are immersed. The day of immersion falls on the second day of the bright moon. 

Form of goddess parvati:

Parvati as sati

Parvati as Uma

Parvati as Durga

Parvati as Kali

Parvati as Sati

Parvati was the daughter of King Daksha. In this birth her name was Sati. She was married to Shiva. Once, King Daskha organized a massive ceremony. But he did not invite Shiva and Sati. She told Shiva that as it was her father’s house, she didn’t need any formal invitation.

On arrival, when Sati sought an explanation from King Daksha as to why he hadn’t invited Shiva, Daksha started criticizing and insulting Shiva in front of a huge gathering. Sati could not bear this humiliation to Shiva and herself and, disillusioned, set herself on fire. When news of Sati’s death reached Shiva, he grew furious and sent his ganas to wreak havoc at the gathering and to kill Daksha. Shiva lifted Sati’s dead body on his shoulder and started the tandava or dance of destruction. It created great disturbances all over the world. 

Lord Vishnu sent his Sudarshana Chakra and cut Sati’s body into numerous pieces. Wherever a particular piece of her body fell became a place of pilgrimage and a temple of Sati was erected at that site. Even today, these temples exist.

Parvati as Durga

Durga is a multi-dimensional goddess. She has many names, many incarnations, many personalities and many appearances. Depending on her appearances and attributes, she has many names like Parvati (mountain girl), Himavati (daughter of Himalaya), Bhavani (goddess of the universe), Uma (the light), Gauri (the yellow-complexioned beauty), Jagatmata (mother of the world), Durga (the inaccessible), Kali or Shyama (the black-complexioned one), Chandika or Chandi (the fearful one), Bhairavi (the terrible one), Vagheshwari , etc.

Parvati as Kali

Kali is the most fearful and terrifying form of Parvati. She is worshipped in the form of a dark-complexioned woman with four hands. In one hand, she carries a sword; in another hand she carries the head of the demon and with the other two hands, she encourages her worshippers. She wears a garland of skulls, and her eyes are bloodshot. Goddess Kali is worshipped mostly in eastern India.

Parvati as Uma

Parvati was born as Uma, the daughter of Himalaya. Parvati wanted to be the consort of Lord Shiva. But after Sati’s self-immolation, Shiva had lost all interest in marriage, and had taken to meditating, living in a trance-like state. Realizing this, Uma undertook ascetic rites and prayed for a thousand years. After further testing her loyalty, Shiva accepted Parvati as his wife.

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MAHALAKSHMI VRAT

Mahalakshmi Vrat can be observed from the eighth day (ashtami tithi) of Shukla Paksha in the month of Bhadra (mid-September to mid-October) to the eighth day of Krishna Paksha in the month of Ashwin (mid-October to mid-November). This vrat continues for 16 days. Our scriptures place a great deal of importance on Mahalakshmi Vrat. If a person observes this vrat by following the rituals, it generates great results: all the wishes of the devotee are fulfilled. The importance of the Mahalakshmi Vrat has been narrated with a comparison in our scriptures:
Just as Prayag is the best place for pilgrimage and Ganga is the best river, Mahalakshmi Vrat is also the best vrat to observe.

Vrat Vidhan (Rules for the Vrat)

Our holy scriptures have laid down the following rules for observing the Mahalakshmi Vrat:
On bhadrapad shukla ashtami tithi, wake up early in the morning and wash your hands and face 16 times. Bathe, put on fresh clothes and establish the pratima (idol) of Mahalakshmi which is made of chandan and other sacred materials.
Next, tie 16 knots by a rope of 16 threads and worship each knot by chanting this mantra: Mahalakshmi namah.

Take16 durva and 16 akshat. Continue the vrat for 16 days and on the eighth day of Krishna Paksha in the month of Ashwin give end (or “end”?) the vrat after ratrijagran.
On the sixteenth day, untie the sacred rope of 16 threads and place it near the idol of Goddess Lakshmi. In this vrat, you should spend one full day subsisting on fruits only.
After the vrat, 16 deepaks (traditional handmade lamps) should be made of flour and these should be donated to honest and needy people with dakshina.
Worshipping the Elephant as a vahana of Lakshmi

The elephant is a vahana of many deities, and it is worshipped as a vahana of Goddess Lakshmi as well. It is believed that people may be blessed with wealth and prosperity by worshipping an elephant.

There is an interesting story about the significance of elephant worship as a vahana of Mahalakshmi, which is popular in many regions of India.

A king had two wives. The first wife had many sons but the second wife had only one. The first wife made an elephant out of clay and worshipped it. But the second wife was deprived of this and she was unhappy. When her son asked her why she was so dejected, she told him of her desire to worship an elephant. Since Indra’s vahana was an elephant – Airavata – the son approached Indra for Airavata, and gave it to his mother. She was overjoyed and worshipped a real, flesh-and-blood elephant. As a result of her worship, her son became a famous king. As this incident spread far and wide, people started worshipping elephants.

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Different Forms (Roop) of Goddess Lakshmi

Lakshmi, the goddess of fortune and prosperity, has many appearances. Although as a goddess Lakshmi is one, she exists in various forms. In modern times, the word Lakshmi is used often as a synonym to wealth. Eight forms of Goddess Lakshmi are visualized:

• Dhan-Lakshmi (Lakshmi of Wealth) 
• Grih-Lakshmi (Lakshmi of Home) 
• Arogya-Lakshmi (Lakshmi of Wellness) 
• Yash-Lakshmi (Lakshmi of Fame) 
• Sanskar-Lakshmi (Lakshmi of Reformation) 
• Gyan-Lakshmi (Lakshmi of Knowledge) 
• Adhyatmik Lakshmi (Lakshmi of Spirituality) 
• Moksha-Lakshmi (Lakshmi of Moksha) 

A variety of shlokas (verses) mentioned in our Puranas and books related to Pratima-Lakshan (features of the idols) tell us about the various forms of Lakshmi. These holy scriptures tell us about eight forms of Lakshmi: 

• Dvibhuja     
• Gaj Lakshmi    
• Maha Lakshmi   
• Shree Devi    
• Veer Lakhsmi    
• Dvibhuja Veer Lakshmi    
• Ashtabhuja Veer Lakshmi   
• Prasanna Lakshmi

Among these eight forms, three forms of Lakshmi are more popular; these are:

• Dvibhuja     
• Gaj Lakshmi    
• Maha Lakshmi 

Dvibhuja Lakshmi

As per the Vishnu Dharmottar Purana, Lakshmi is seen with two hands in the Dvibhuja roop, holding a lotus in both hands. When Goddess Lakshmi is visualized with Lord Vishnu, she is always in the Dvibhuja form and should be imagined as being in the left-hand side of Lord Vishnu.

Gaj Lakshmi

This form of Lakshmi is the most popular among all, and is also the most attractive to behold. Goddess Lakshmi is visualized on a lotus that blooms between two elephant in a lake, with both elephants showering water on Goddess Lakshmi from a pitcher. In some scriptures, four elephants instead of two elephants are mentioned. Showering by elephants indicates the power and prosperity that is associated with Lakshmi. The elephant is also regarded as the vahana of Gaj Lakshmi TheSkanda Purana mentions that when Goddess Lakshmi appeared during the churning of the sea, she was mounted on an elephant. According to the Vishnu Purana, Ganga and other holy rivers came to offer a bath to Goddess Lakshmi, and the elephants showered water on her.

Many shlokas are found in different scriptures where Goddess Lakshmi is mentioned as Gaj Lakshmi. 

Maha Lakshmi

 As per the Vishwakarma Shastra, Maha Lakshmi should be visualized as adorned in the finest of garments and bedecked with jewellery, with each of her four hands, carrying a particular meaningful object. The lower right hand carries a pot; the upper right hand carries a Kaumodakee Gada The lower left hand caries a Shree fruit (bilva/bael)  and the upper left hand caries a protective shield.

Shree Devi

The features of Goddess Lakshmi in the form of Shree Devi are mentioned in the book Samranggan Sutradhar: her face should be like the full Moon, her lips should be coloured red, with a smiling, benign expression. She should be dressed in white and adorned with divine jewellery; she should carry lotuses in her hand. This scripture further tells us that we should visualize the Shree Devi form of Goddess Lakshmi in her early young age.  

In the above shloka, Lakshmi is visualized with two hands. But in some other shloks, she is mentioned as having four hands. In the following shlok, she is said to be carrying pash, ankush, akshamala and lotus in four hands while sitting in Padmasana:

Veer Lakshmi

In the shloka of the four-handed Veer Lakshmi, it is mentioned that she exists on the lotus . She carries a lotus in both her upper right and left hands. Both the lower hands are seen in two different types of mudra, namely, abhaya and varad 

The features of the Dvibhuja Veer Lakshmi are the same as Veer Lakshmi. The only difference is that in Dvibhuja Lakshmi, the goddess is always visualized with two hands, while the latter depicts four arms. Actually the word Dvibhuja literally means “having two hands”.

One hand of Dvibhuja Lakshmi is seen in the abhay mudra and the other hand is seen in the varad mudra. 

Ashta Bhuja Veer Lakshmi

Ashta Bhuja Veer Lakshmi is visualized with eight hands. Six hands carry six different types of objects while two hands display two mudras. 

The six objects that she holds are:

• Pash 
• Ankush 
• Aksha-sutra  
• Gada
• Lotus 
• Pot

Prasanna Lakshmi

The shloka of Prasanna Lakshmi details the appearance and features of the goddess. Attired in pure white, she exists in the vaamank (meaning in English?) of Lord Vishnu. She carries beejapur, kanak, (meanings in English?) pitcher and a golden lotus in her four hands. 

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