Significance of 108

The rosary or the mala which is used to count mantras in the Indian subcontinent has 108 beads. This specific number – 108 - has been a sacred number in the Indian subcontinent for  a  very  long time. This number is explained in many different ways.

The ancient Indians were advanced mathematically and 108 could well have been the result of a precise mathematically calculation which was thought to have a special  numerological significance.

• 1,0 and 8 : one stands for God or Truth, Zero  stands  for emptiness or  completeness in spiritual  practice and eights stand foe infinity and eternity.
• 9 multiplied by 12 : Both these numbers are considered  to have  spiritual  significance in many traditions. Nine multiplied by 12 equals 108. Also one plus eight equals nine and nine times 12 equals 108.
• Astrology : There are 12 constellations and nine arc segments called namshas or chandrakalas, nine multiplied by 12 equals 108. Chandra is Moon and kalas are divisions within a whole.
• Dance : There are 10 forms of dance  in Indian traditions 
• Gopis of Krishna : In the Vaishnava tradition , there were  said to be 108 gopis or milkmaids of Krishna. 
• Islam : In Islam , there are 108 names of Allah.
• Planets and Houses : In astrology , there are 12 houses and nine planets, nine multiplied by 12 equals 108. 
• Sikh : Sikhs used a mala of 108  knots that are tied in a string of wool, rather than beads as in other religions. 
• Smaller divisions : 108 is divided , as in half, third, quarter, or twelfth so that some malas have 54. 36. 27 or nine beads
• Stages of the soul : scholars believe that the atman goes through 108 stages on the journey after death.
• Sun and Earth : The diameter of the sun is 108 times that of the Earth. 

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Reciting a Mantra

The basic prerequisite for mantra jaap is concentration. Purity of mind, feelings and body is required for better mantra practice. For purity and stability of emotions, the worshipper should focus on the place between the eyebrows, that is the area of the Ajna chakra. It is an energy centre in the body. This  chakra helps one obtain and maintain control on the sensory organs and the whole body. Meditate for a few minutes on the ajna, focus on the area between the eyebrows. Control your breathing with breathing exercise or pranaayam. Our lifestyle has become so hectic , that we are unable to “rest” when we try to meditate and pranaayam will help in relaxing us. Praying to God before reciting the mantra also helps in preparing one for the mantra.

One should eat less before starting a japa practice. A full stomach makes one lethargic  and sleepy and it becomes difficult to concentrate.

• Japa Mala  (rosary) :  In simple terms , a rosary is a tool to count the mantra. The japa mala has 108 beads. There is also an additional bead along with the 108, and this additional, 109th bead is called meru. The bead should not be crossed while reciting the mantra. The thumb and third finger of the right hand are used to count the mantra.
• Sthana ( place of worship) : If you choose to do mantra jaap  for a particular reason , you must find a suitable place. The same place should be used for japa every day. Sit on a suitable asan for chanting the mantra. 
• Samay (time): Fix a particular time for the mantra jaap. If you perform the practice at the same time each day, it pleases the deity which in turn produces early results.
• Sankhya ( count ) : This means the number or count. We have to decide how many times we will repeat the mantra. Some deities require a specific number of mantras. Mantra siddhi can be obtained when we achieve the completion of a specific no of mantra counts. It is generally believed that one should chant the mantra for a minimum of 125,000 times for any deity.
• Sankalp (determination/oath) : when you start a mantra anushthaan, you should take a sankalp (oath) that you will accomplish a pre-decided number of mantras in a fixed period of time, with the date and time of starting the mantra anushthaan and a date and time of its completion.
• Disha ( direction ) : some deities are poisoned in certain fixed directions. So one should do the mantra anushthan facing the same direction in which the deity is positioned. In general, the mantra anushthan should be done in the morning , facing the  east. Evening or night mantra anushthan should be done facing the west.

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Good life Success Mantra

The word mantra can be divided into two parts “man” which means “mind” and “tya” as “to free”, which then put together means to clear or remove negative and harmful thoughts from the mind. A mantra or japa is a subtle energy or force that has been “sheathed” in a sound structure. It is the energy body of particular deity. A mantra become potent when concentrated upon and repeated a specific number of times.

It is believed that when a mantra is repeated with full concentration and enthusiastic  devotion, the presiding deity of that mantra is evoked. Mantra are the channels for reaching  the subconscious and remove all blockages from the soul and body. It leads us to a certain wavelength where we can achieve self-realization and experience the presence of God.

A well-fabricated sound form can generate emotions. feelings and expressions. It can take a person to any level of thinking and visualizing. The mind reacts to every kind of sound, whether it is pleasent music or something as jarring as shouting or some loud noise and reacts accordingly.

So, a mantra when created within a good sound structure, generates powerful energies and imbues the worshipper with positive thoughts. If one know the actual meaning of the mantra that has to be chanted, then the results will be accurate and occur within a short span of time. 

In the Agni Purana, Lord Agni says that mantras are a strong and effective way of invoking God and attacining moksha. Agnidev has also classified mantras: those which have more than twenty words are called Malamantra. These mantra usually end with a swaha or Namaha and are best practiced in old age.

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What is Vrat (vow) ?

In one of our scriptures, the Garuda Purana, Lord Brahma explains to Maharishi vedavyasa that observance of the rules postulated by the shastras (scriptures/texts) is called a  vow or vrat or a tapa.

Rules to follow
Lord Brahma further says that the person who undertakes a vrat has to observe a few rules. He :

• Must bathe thrice a day: in the morning, at midday and in the evening. 
• Must sleep on the ground and keep a control on the senses
• Must not speak to women, persons of low caste and those of sinful mentality.
• Must keep oneself pure and perform havan (sacrificial offerings made to a sacred fire) everyday

Fasting a Vrat
There are many types of vrats and observing an upvaas (fast) is one of these. Keeping a fast is very common in Hindu culture. Apart from the spiritual and religious significance of fasting, it does a lot of good  to the physical body. Apart from the spiritual and religious significance of fasting, it does a lot of good to the physical body and mind : toxins are removed and fasting helps in controlling emotions, passions and the senses and both the mind and heart are purified. Fating completely overhauls the urinary circulatory, digestive and respiratory systems.After observing a complete fast, one's mind is at peace and one can progress in meditation and contemplation.

There are many recommended fasts related to the lunar dates and months or to the transition of the sun from one Zodiacal sign to the next.

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Spiritual & Natural Products

Black Haldi/Turmeric

Turmeric is a plant stem. Used as a spice in Indian food, turmeric abounds in medicinal properties. Turmeric is used to apply tilak. Black Turmeric is quite unattractive to behold, but it is very sacred and multi-beneficiary.

Parad (Mercury) Shivalingam 

In the ancient scripture shiva Purana, the shivalingam is said to be an extension of Lord Shiva. The Shivalingams are carved from a variety of materials like stones, precious stones, precious metals etc. Shivalingams  that are made of parad (mercury) or quartz crystal and natural lingams that are available from River Narmada are considered ideal for home or office

Shwetark Ganesha

The aak is a commonly available plant, which bears violet flowers, but a white-flower bearing plant is rarely seen. The stem of the white aak is called shwetark (shwet means white). The shape of the stem of the shwetark is like Ganesha.

Dahinavarti Shankh

This conch was one the 14 divine products that emerged at the churning of the ocean. Lord Vishnu took this as his property and illustrations depict Vishnu holding it in right hand. This shankh should be energized with prayers and offerings in the form of prasad, flowers and mantras, only then will one’s will be answered.

Black Horse Shoe


The horse shoe is full of physical power. When a horse gallops on the road, the shoes get charged with the gravitational energy of the Earth. The shoe should hung at the entrance from the inside in a U-shape. It is believe that black horse shoe will ward of all kinds of black magic

Gomati Chakra 



The Gomati Chakra is found in seas and rivers. It is good aid to spiritual and tantric rituals. Money and prosperity follows the Gomati Chakra

Narmadeshwar  shivalingam


This shivalingam is found in the Narmada river, which is considered to be sacred in India. The shiva Purana says that Lord Shiva blesses the place where Narmadeshwar shivalingam is kept and worshipped. It should be offered water and tilak and bael patra.

Shaligram shila

The shaligram shila is identified with Lord Vishnu. It has many different symbols of Lord Vishnu’s chakra which are carved naturally. Once a lady called Vrinda cursed Lord Vishnu that he’d be turned to a stone and he born as a shila (stone).

Vaijyanti seeds

These seeds are black or brown in colour and grows in the forests of Vrindavan, where god and goddess eternally make love. The Vaijyanti seeds should be  worshipped for Peace, to please Maha Lakshmi, for begetting a male child.

Ekakshi Nariyal


Normally, a coconut has three dots or round markings on its body, which may be looked upon as one mouth and two eyes. But sometimes, coconut  with one mouth and one eye found. These coconuts are called Ekakshi  Nariyal.

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Vastu tips for Tulsi Plant

The tulsi is regarded as a sacred plant in Hinduism, and is an essential component in many rituals. The word “tulsi” literally means “incomparable” and the plant truly lives up to its meaning because of its medicinal uses. Tulsi is said to be a devotee of Lord Vishnu, who took reincarnation in the form of a plant that would be offered to Lord Vishnu for his Worship.In the Padma Purana, Lord shiva describes the utilities of tulsi to Narada.

The place around a tulsi plant is considered  sacred . A person who is on his deathbed is given tulsi-water to drink in order to cleanse his soul. It has been scientifically proved that the tulsi prevents mosquitoes from coming near it, thereby reducing the incidence of malaria. It has also great medicinal properties and can tackle all types of fevers; the juice of tulsi leaves curses cough and cold.

The Tulsi enhances immunity and metabolic function. It is also helpful in respiratory problems. It can reduce the level of stress in a human being. Its regular use can prevent heart attack. The British used to mock Indians for their faith on the tulsi. But when it was discovered by modern medical science that tulsi has anabolic, muscle relaxant, hypoglycemic, cardiac, anti-allergic properties, people from all over the world started using tulsi in medicine and growing it.

In Hindu mythology, tulsi is regarded as the consort of Lord Vishnu. The Tulsi festival is celebrated each years. On this day, she is occasionally married to Vishnu. This festival is celebrated on the eleventh day of shukla paksha in the month of kaartik. This day is also hailed as the beginning of the marriage season in India. The days following this day are regarded as auspicious for marriage.

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Rosaries/Malas

Rosaries or malas are used by many religions as these help one to concentrate  on their prayers. Hinduism too makes use of these malas, with each of these malas having a unique attribute or association with a particular god/goddess.

• Conch Mala – Conches are very lucky and auspicious . This mala can be used in Lakshmi sadhna as well as other sadhnas as well. If this mala is offered to Goddess Lakshmi, she blesses the devotee with stability and happiness in his life.
• Cowrie Mala – These are small shells found in oceans and are considered very lucky. Those seeking a stable financial position should wear a cowrie Mala. It is recommended for the japa of the Maha Lakshmi Mantra.
• Hakik Mala – This is a black stone, which is powerful in many ways. It is used for protection, courage and success. It attracts good fortunes, increases clarity, promotes good will, helps in overcoming fears, encourages fertility and beneficial for bone narrow and allergies.
• Kamal Gatta Mala – This mala is made from dried kamal seeds. Since Goddess Lakshmi sits on a lotus, Lakshmi puja and mantra jaap with a lotus-seed mala pleases Goddess Lakkshmi immensely.
• Putra Jiva Mala – These are seeds of a fruit tree called Putra jeeva. It is believed that the wearer of this mala will be blessed with a son.  One can chant Santaan Gopal mantras on this mala to fulfill their wish.
• Sandalwood mala – The fragrance of the sandalwood known as chandan in Hindi, is particularly preferred by Hindu deities. The sandalwood is believed to promote meditation 
• Red sandalwood Mala – The Red Sandalwood Mala is used for pleasing Hindu goddesses. Red sandalwood Mala is blessed by Goddess Lakshmi and it is very useful for improving concentration.
•  Rudraksha Mala – Rudraksha means ‘’Rudra-aksha’, or the “Eye of Shiva” in Sanskrit. Also known as “Tears of the Lord”, the Rudraksha Mala has been worn by the yogis of India and the Himalayas for thousands of years for living a fearless life on their path to attaining enlightenment.
• Haldi Mala – The wearer of this mala gets peace of mind and is rid of anxiety, depression and tensions. This mala is used in Baglamukhi Sadhna.
• Tulsi Mala – Tulsi is the most sacred of all plants in Hindu tradition. The Tulsi Mala cures high fever, diseases of the mind and some stomach ailments.

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Basic Chakra

 Swadhisthana Chakra
The Sanskrit  word “Swa” means “ones own” and “Adhisthana” means “Dwelling Place” or “Residence”. The presiding deity for this chakra is Lord Vishnu, and its element is water. This chakra is located at the public centre. This chakra controls Sex organs, Bladder and urethra, Energizes the throat area. Health issues that are assosciated with this chakra are Urinary problems, Menstruation problems, Impotency, sterility, enlarged prostate, other sexual diseases. The sex chakra and Throat Chakra are interlinked i.e the nadis are interconnected with each other.

Navel Chakra
This chakra is located at the navel area. Eight petals are assigned to the Navel Chakra, and those who can see beyond the ordinary have said that the colours assosciated with this chakra are yellow-green, blue and red colours. The Navel chakra controls the small intestine, large intestine, General vitality. Health complications that are assosciated with this chakra are Constipation, Loose bowels, Indigestion, Appendicitis, Intestinal ailments, Low vitality. Those who have a healthy and strong Navel chakra have a very strong sense of institution.

Meng Mein Chakra
The Meng Mein Chakra is located just at the back of the navel. It has eight petals and its colours are orange and red. A pumping station for pranic energy, the Meng Mein chakra controls Kidneys, Adrenal glands, some internal organs, Blood pressure. Any misbalance in this chakra leads to Kidney problems, Low vitality, Weakness, High/low BP, Back problems. If congested and over activated , this chakra can lead to violence and extremities in married life.

Spleen Chakra
The spleen chakra is located at the left bottom of the lower rib, and is made up of six petals. Experts say that the colour of the spleen chakra is white , with all the seven colours within it. It distributes energy and the different colours as per the requirement of the chakra. The spleen chakra controls Physical spleen, General vitality. Quality of blood, Immunity system. An unhealthy spleen will result in low vitality, Blood ailments, Arthritis, Rheumatoid arthritis.

Solar Plexus Chakra or Manipura Chakra
Manipura chakra is derived from two sanskrit words “Mani” meaning “Jewel” and “Pura” meaning “city”. Therefore, “Manipura” literally means “city of Jewels”. This chakra is located at the hollow area between the ribs . This chakra controls the Diaphragm, Liver, Pancreas, stomach, Lungs. This chakra also causes Difficulty in breathing, Diabetes, Ailments of pancreas, Digestion disorders, Hepatitis, Gall bladder, Heart ailments etc. It is a centre of baser emotions as those listed below, when the chakra becomes blocked and dirty – Ambitions, Courage, Aggressiveness, Hatred, Grudge, Greed, Violence.

Heart Chakra or Anahata Chakra
In the Vedas, the heart centre is also known as “Hridayakasha”, which means “The Space within the Heart where Purity Resides”. The Word “Anahata” means “Unstruck Sound”. The Presiding deity for this chakra is Isha and its elements is Air. The Heart Chakra energizes the heart, and controls the lungs as well.

Throat Chakra or Vishudhi Chakra
Vishudhi chakra is known as the “Purification Centre”. The Sanskrit word “Shuddhi” means “To Purify”, and and in this Chakra , the purifying and harmonizing of all opposites take place. Throat Chakra controls the Throat, Voice box, Trachea, Thyroid, Affects the Quality of sex Chakra. Any problems or blockages oh this chakra lead to Goitre, sore throat, Loss of voice, Asthma

Ajna Chakra
The literal meaning for the word “Ajna” is “Command”. The Ajna is symbolized by Brihaspati, the guru of deities. The presiding deity for this chakra is Param shiva . This chakra is located in the area between the brows. This chakra controls the pituitary glands and thereby the entire body. Hence it is called a Master Chakra. Health issues that are affected by this chakra are those related to the eyes, cancers etc and consciousness.

Forehead Charka
This Chakra has 148 petals in 12 divisions and the colours assosciated with it are blue and violet. The Forehead Chakra controls the Pineal glands, Nervous system and problems related to the nervous system, Migraine pain.

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Mooladhara Chakra

The Sanskrit word “Moola” means “Root” or “Foundation”. Just as the root gives foundation and stability to the tree, this chakra gives stability to the spiritual & healthy aspect of our self. The presiding deity for this chakra is Ma Shakti, and the element is Earth.

The Basic Chakra is located as the base of the spine. A centre of self-survival, this chakra is associated with red & orange colours. It has four petals, which blooms when this chakra is healthy.

This chakra controls:

• The muscular system
• Skelton
• The whole spine
• Quality of blood, adrenal glands, and body tissues
• Skin, pimples, glow
• Sexual organs
• Body heat
• Growth of children

If the Basic Chakra is hyperactive, it will lead to lack of sleep and restlessness. Health issues that are related to this chakra are:

• Body pains
• Arthritis
• Allergies
• Dull skin
• Blood-related problems
• Anaemia
• Acute Leukaemia
• Bone cancer
• Low vitality
• Slow healing of wounds
• Breaking of bones

Old people have a depleted Basic  Chakra, Which is why they tend to curve and grow weak. People with low and weak Basic chakra plan out things but are unable to implement them  because they have a weak body and poor confidence.

Steps to improve a low Basic Chakra:

• You should do an exercise called Half squatting. This exercise will cleanse the Basic Chakra, and will also regulate it.
• Increased use of the colour red will energize this chakra, wear red-coloured clothes and use objects like bags, pens, key chains etc.
• Focus, concentration and visualize on the Basic Chakra point in  the body
• Mantra for the chakra is “Lam”
• The thumb and the middle finger when joined is good mudra for energizing the chakra.
• Some good crystals which will be effective are Black Tourmaline , Garnet, Selenite, Carnelion and smoky Quartz. You can either place these crystals on the chakra point for about twenty minutes or massage the chakra point for at least five minutes

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What is Chakra ?

 These are Whirling energy centres and are very important parts of the energy body. Chakras affect us both physically and psychologically. By the former, we mean health conditions, and by the latter we mean mental conditions. If the chakra is congested or depleted , we may be prone to confusion, depression, anxiety and low self-confidence.

It is possible to cleanse the blocked or congested chakras and also enhance them. Some measures have to be taken for this, like reciting their beej mantras. Yes , Chakras too have mantras and these have to be recited a specific number of times, depending on the requirement.

Both Major and Minor Chakras coexist in the physical body, rotating both clockwise and anti-clockwise. Each chakra has a particular shape and colour, neither of which are visible to an ordinary person. Incidentally , there are three types of special or extraordinary powers that some people are blessed with : clairaudient, clairsentient and clairvoyant.

In the former, those blessed with this special gift can hear and understand certain noises/voices that others cannot; in latter, there are people who can see colours or things beyond the ordinary, while clairsentient are those who can understand positive & negative energies.

Relationship with the Physical Body
one's physical body and energy body are so closely related with each other that what affects one affects the other. For instance, if one catches a cold or cough, the energy body of that place get affected as well

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Ways to Activate Kundalini

Some ways to activate Kundalini are through meditation, devotion, worship, body purification, will power, discernment, and knowledge. Expert guidance is required in each and every method to awaken Kundalini.

If one can develop a balanced mind in relation to mental and emotional issues, he will be able to control anger, tensions, worries, disappointment, jealousy, bitter memories of the past, sorrows and feelings of love in such a way that these will not distract him, then he is all ready well prepared to awaken the Kundalini.

• Proper diet control is necessary so that one has a refined body.
• One should go to a remote place so that there is no distraction and disturbances. 
• Refining one’s karma is also important .one has to be non-judgemental, non-stealing, and non-aggressive towards materialistic issues of the world.
• Sexual fasting should be maintained to have a control on the senses. Isolation from all sorts of distraction is very important.

There are different yogic techniques to stimulate the kundalini, but these cannot be taught through books, and neither it is possible to mention these techniques.
Some experiences that may occur when the kundalini has been awakened.

• Sensation of heat along the spine or at the centre of the forehead or on the top of the head.
• Hearing celestial sounds like flowing river, waterfalls, melodies of birds, flute etc.
• Sensing fragrance
• Seeing some divine images within the mind.
• Subtle sensory perception
• Having some abstract memories that may not be experienced in this birth
• Experiencing greater creativity in any form of art like music, painting ,Poetry, etc.
• Feeling a higher level of consciousness.

The Best way to learn the art of enhancing the kundalini is to take the help of a guru, who himself has mastered this art over many years and who is skilled in teaching the art of arousing the kundalini.

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Kundalini and Chakra

Kundalini is a dormant, spiritual cosmic energy or force that exists in the human body, when awakened, it leads to one’s spiritual enlightenment.

It is said that the Kundalini energy is Goddess Shakti that resides in the Basic Chakra and the super conscious which is in the Crown Chakra as Lord Shiva. When the Kundalini is awakened and reaches the Crown Chakra, it is termed as the union of Shiva and Shakti. When the Kundalini is awakened, it has to ascend and passes through every Chakra to reach the brain. To awaken Kundalini is not an easy task, one needs to be sincere and dedicated to awaken this dormant force. One must apply the right method in the right manner to awaken Kundalini.

The Sanskrit word “Chakra” literally means “Wheel”. These are the centres of vital energy in the human body. The Chakras cannot be observed by our gross sense, but have to experienced through subtle sense perception. Indian texts tell us that there are seven main Chakras in the human body. While scholars like Master Choa Kok Sui, say that there are 11.

Chakras are located in the spinal column, and each Chakra influences a body function near its region of the spine. While Kundalini Shakti reaches the brain , the goal of Kundalini meditation is achieved.

There are 72 nadis in our body, and kundalini travels through the nadi named Sushumna Nadi. The nadi is called the “ Royal Road” by our ancient scriptures. When the Kundalini moves up the spine, it travels through six major chakras, namely, the Root Chakra, Pelvic Chakra, Navel chakra, Heart Chakra, Throat chakra, and Ajna Chakra. After this, Kundalini reaches the Crown Chakra that is situated above the skull.

It is Believed that those people whose kundalini  is not awakened , live in a world of illusions. When Kundalini is activated and rises through the chakras, our awareness and understanding grows.

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The Concept of Heaven and Hell in Hinduism

The Concept of Heaven ( swarga ) and Hell ( patal or netherworlds ) in Hinduism has two dimensions. One is physical and other is mental. In the physical dimension , Heaven is a place of blissfulness, which is full of enjoyment. A Person enjoy the benefits in Heaven; there is no disease, hunger or thirst in Heaven.

Steps involved in conducting Pujas/Prayers

There are 16 Basic steps in conducting a puja in Hinduism. This is known as shodashopachara, and is common to all pujas.

Avaahana & Dhyana : Installing the deity for the puja is akin to inviting an important person to our house, which we do with respect and humility (avaahana)

Asan : we offer a place of honour to our quest to seat himself and be comfortable. In the case of goddesses, we offer an asan or decorated platform

Paadya : In traditional (and rural) India, we have read that kings have washed the dusty feet of their kulgururs  or other rishis who have visited them – it is customary to wash the feet of a guest when he visits a family.

Arghya: This means offering water to wash the hands of our guest.

Aachamana: By this we mean taking three – and only three – Consecutive gulps of water.

Madhuparka : After offering water, the guest is offered a drink. If we add a few drops of honey to the drink, it s called madhuparka.

Snaan: once our guest has rested , we make all necessary arrangements for the guest’s snaan ( bath ) so that he can freshen up. The deity is bathed with water, milk, dahi ( yoghurt), ghee ( clarified butter) etc.

Vastra: Next, fresh clothes are offered to the guest

Gandh: sandal paste (gandh) is applied on the forehead

Pushpa: Pushpa means flower . In Pujas , it is customary to offer different flowers to the deity even as we chant 108 names of that particular deity.

Agarbatti: By lighting agarbattis or incense sticks , we add to the already-fregrant and holy surroundings.

Deepa: The word means light , and traditional lamps are lit to give due recognition to the Almighty as a form of light.

Naivedya: In no part of India will a guest not be offered some food, if not a full meal. Bhog is offered to the deity.

Tamboola: This word means betel  leaf, and it is populary belived  that chewing betel leaf rolled up with assorted herbs after a meal  helps in effective digestion.

Aarti: This is done when puja is coming to its closure. The aarti is offered to the devotees as a form of blessings from the Almighty.

Mantrapushpa, Pradakshina : To propitiate the deity, mantras or prayers that are paricularly dear to the deity are chanted during the puja. Pradkshina or circumambulation means that God is present all around us, and we recognize his omnipresence.

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THE ESSEENCE OF HINDUISM

Hinduism is one of the oldest religions followed by man. A religion of tolerance and acceptance , it has seen some bad times when, because of its misinterpretation , many Hindus had converted to other religions, while some also reconverted themselves to Hinduism. Many of its tenets like karma, maya, reincarnation, and reasons behind much of its religious activities and thoughts have found credence and acceptance the world over in recent times.

Hinduism is a dynamic religion and whenever it has come face-to-face with other religions , it has paused , taken a look deep within, and has shed those aspects which were distasteful – that it had acquired over many years – while accepting and absorbing the good in the other religion.

Goal of Hinduism

Self-realization, Knowledge of oneness and God is the goal of Hinduism. It can be further divided into many stages like the ability to sense the ultimate reality, insight into the truth, contact the supreme, and capturing the reality.

The Meaning of Hindu Dharma 

“Hindu Dharma” is referred to as “ sanatan Dharma”. The Word “sanatan” means the values of life that sustains us. Sanatan Dharma ( Hindu Dharma) is not a dharma founded by any particular persons , it is based on the values of life that sustains us.

Principles of Hinduism

There are some basic doctrines of Hinduism that people have been following since time immemorial

Veda: The veda are the supreme spiritual authority that reveals the eternal truth.
Atma : Hinduism believes in the existence of the atma (self ). The atma is independent of the body, mind and intellect.
Reincarnation: The soul is a part of God; it was never created and since it was never created – but already in existence as a part of God-it will never die.
Karma: Hinduism believes in the law of karma. our happiness and sorrow in our present life is the result of the quality of life and activities that we have led in our previous births.
Existence of god as the creator, sustainer and Destroyer: God manifests himself as the creative, sustaining and destructive powers of the entire universe. When we visualize God as the creator, we name him Brahma; when we visualize him as the sustainer, we call him Vishnu and when we visualize him as the Destroyer, we call him Shiva.
Maya: Maya is the creative power of Isvara, the lord, and is worshipped in the Hindu tradition as shakti.

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Spiritual Development

It is the Spirit or Soul that sends you; the physical body to this physical world in order to gain experiences. The physical form is controlled by the Soul to which it is attached. But due to ignorance and Mayavik (the illusory nature of world as perceived by the senses) effects, we consider this physical form as self acting, self governing and independent entity.

We all need increase of spiritual awareness, through development of our spiritual aspect, in order to form the right perspective of our existence.

Normally spiritual development is a gradual and slow process. But it can be expedited by our strong desire and determination.

We have gathered here some practical tips which can safely expedite your spiritual development.

Tip 1: Keep the company of balanced minded and righteous people; avoid associating with those who always feel dissatisfied and temperamental.

Tip 2: Read spiritual and uplifting books and articles and try to practically use the information which sounds good.

Tip 3: Meditate for at least half an hour every morning and evening.

Tip 4: Believe that you are a soul and the physical body is your instrument only. If you can accept this idea then your attitude towards life will change for better.

Tip 5: You are what you think, therefore think positive. Control your idle thoughts and you can control your destiny.

Tip 6: Develop the habit of happiness. Always look at the brighter side of things. True happiness comes from within, let not the outer circumstances decide about your happiness.

Tip 7: Develop a thankful attitude. The best morning and evening prayer is to sit in silence and thank the almighty for all the privileges and help you get.

Tip 8: No real spiritual progress can take place without doing some breathing exercises called Pranayam. There are many systems of breathing exercises. There is no point in going for difficult exercises which may do more harm than any benefit.

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RAMA

Ram the king of Ayodhya is equaled to God in Hindu tradition. He is regarded as the 7th Avatara (incarnation ) of Lord Vishnu. In the Vishnu Sahasranam (thousand names of Vishnu), Rama is the 394th name of Vishnu.

In Hindu traditions, Rama is not only a god or a king but also a part of life.
People greet each other saying “Ram Ram”. People pronounce the name of “Ram” to get rid of all fear. The word Ram is a part of colloquial language in India. The significance of Ram is so widespread in Hindus tradition that Ram is also called a synonym for God and not just a deity.

The story of Ramayana centers round the life of Rama.
Ram was the prince of the Surya Vansha (Sun Dynasty). Rama was the eldest son of Kaushalya and Dasharatha the king of Ayodhya. In spite of lots of difficulties and in life he adhered to Dharma and established himself as a man of virtue. He is also called the Purushottam which means the best man.

The love and affection amongst Rama and his brother is the perfect example of brotherly love. The brotherly affection between Rama and Laxman is rare. Rama and his brothers were trained by Rishi Vashsitha. And they acquired knowledge on all the scriptures.

For the sake of his father honor he sacrificed the throne and went to forest for the Vanavas. In the forest, Ravan the king of the Asura kidnapped his wife and Rama with the help of an army of monkeys rescued her after killing Ravana. After 14 years of Vanavaas, Rama returned to Ayodhya and became the King. He was known for his justice and ensuring happiness in his country. Even today a well-governed state is called Ram Rajya (the kingdom of Rama).

Hanumana was the greatest devotee of Rama. It’s a perfect example of devotion. Outside, India, the stories of Rama and Ramayana also popular in the countries like Indonesia, Malaysia, Java, Philippines, Myanmar, Thailand etc. The National epic of Myanmar (Burma), “The Yama Zatdaw is actually a Burmese version of Ramayana.

Festivals related to Rama are celebrated all over India and amongst the Hindu populations from all over the world. The birthday of Rama is celebrated as Ram Navami. One of the greatest festivals of the Hindus, Diwali is also celebrated to commemorate the day when Rama returned to Ayodhya after defeating Ravana.

In the day of Dussehra, Rama killed Ravan in Lanka. Dussehra is celebrated to commemorate this incident. On this day people make the effigy of Ravana, his brother Kumbhakarna and son Meghnath. Then people burn them down signifing the victory of Dharma over Adharma.

In Eastern India, Durga Puja is celebrated in the month of September-October. It’s believed that Durga Puja was first performed in this season by Rama. Rama had performed this Puja just before the war with Ravana.to acquire power and get blessings from Goddess Durga.

Each story related with Rama has great spiritual significance. The holy book Ramayana is a source of spiritual learning. An average man is happy with the story. And a person in the quest of knowledge gets lessons of life from the Ramayana.

The name Rama is itself a mantra. It’s called a “Taraka Mantra” which means a mantra that consists of a single mantra. “This mantra helps us to cross the ocean of life. Whenever we face any problem in life, the chanting of the name “Rama” gives spiritual energy.”, says the holy scriptures of Hinduism. Sage Syavana said that the name Rama (Rama Nama) is the essence of all Vedas, Vedantas and Puranas. Rama is not only the name of the great king who ruled in Ayodhya. It’s the name of almighty.

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Narada

Narada is the son of Brahma as he sprang from the forehead of Brahma. He is called the Manasputra of Brahma. As per some other mythological stories, Narad is the son of the sage Kashyapa. In the previous birth, Narada was a Gandharva (the divine musicians in heaven) and in the next birth he became the Rishi. That’s why Narada is also called Devarshi Narada.

Narada was a Maharishi, a great devotee of Narayana, an inspirer of poets, counselor of the kings and a messenger. The role of Narada as a messenger is prominent in most of the mythological stories. Narada is seen as a wandering seer always at journey. Actually it was a curse that made him a wanderer seer.

Narada is the ultimate nomad who roams around in the three worlds namely, Earth, Heaven and the Patal through a special craft, which is his vahana. He caries the lute (veena) in his hands and pronounces the name Narayan everytime.
The Character Narada has a unique significance in Hindu mythology. He appears in the mythological stories pertaining to all the three ages namely Satya, Treta and Dwapara.

Narad is said to be the author of the book “Naradiya Dharmashastra – a great work on law and moral conduct. It is found in ancient scriptures that Narada taught meditation to Dhruva).

Kapivaktra is another name of Narada. It means “monkey faced”. Once Lord Vishnu made the shape of his face just like the monkeys to curb his pride. There is an interesting mythological story about this.

Once Narada proudly said that he was a Brahmachari and no woman can ever attract his attention. Lord Vishnu wanted to curb his pride and he created an illusionary kingdom, princes and an extremely beautiful princess. While wandering around the Universe, Narada entered that illusionary kingdom. Narada came to know that the princess is about to offer garland to a prince of her choice and get married. Narada was so impressed by the beauty of the princess that he fell in love with her. He went to Brahma and expressed his desire to marry the princess. Then Brahma asked him to go to Lord Vishnu and get his handsomeness to attract the princess. Then the princess will obviously choose Narada as the groom.

When Narada, went to Vishnu, Vishnu played a trick and gave the face of a monkey to Narada. But Narada did not realize this and reached the venue of the marriage. Narada was sure that the princess would choose him. But the princess did not even look at him because of his monkey like face.
Vishnu appeared himself in the venue and the princess offered the garland to Vishnu and accepted him as the groom.

Then only Narada realized that a trick was played on him. He also saw his monkey shaped face in the water pool and get embarrassed.
Narada was very angry and he cursed that Vishnu would have to suffer the pain of separation from his wife and with the help of the monkeys only he would rescue his wife.
In the next incarnation, Vishnu reincarnated as Rama and the banarsena (the army of the monkeys) helped him to rescue his wife.

It is said that Narada inspired Sage Vyasa to write Bhagavad Geeta. After compiling various books, Vyasa exhausted. And then Narada encouraged him to write Bhagavad Geeta for the welfare of mankind.

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Krishna

Krishna is the eighth avatara (incarnation) of Lord Vishnu. In some Vaishnava traditions, he is also called as the Swam Bhagavan. He is the one of the most popular gods of Hinduism. The Vaishnava tradition also originates from Krishna Devotion. Spiritual movement like International Society of Krishna Consciousness had made Krishna Devotion popular all over the world

Krishna was born to Devaki and Vasudeva in the prison of Kansa.
Ugrasana was the king of Mathura. He was overthroned by his son Kansa.
Kansa confined him in prison and he himself became the king. Kansa, the King of Mathura heard a prophecy that he would be killed by the eighth son of his sister Devaki. So he locked both of them in prison and killed their sons one by one.

When Vaudeva realized that Krishna’s life was in danger, he secretly took him out of the prison and took him to Gokul, where he was brought up at the home of Nanda and Yasoda. The miracles that Krishna performed in his childhood, made Kansa suspicious. He tried to kill Krishna through various means. But Krishna killed all the demons one by one. Ultimately, Krishna returned to Mathura and killed Kansa. Krishna reinstated Ugrasena as the King of Mathura.

In Hindu mythology, Krishna plays the role of a person in all phases of life. A god child, a prankster, a cow boy, a divine hero, a spiritual master etc.  The life of Krishna is a source of spiritual learning. Janmashtami, the birthday of Krishna is a major religious festival amongst the Hindus.

In the Mahabharata, Krishna narrates the philosophy behind the life and death. And it is complied in the form of Geeta. Which is one of the major holy books in Hinduism.

Krishna is worshipped with different rituals. His devotion is associated with different types of spiritualism. The followers of Chaitanya Vasihnavism believes him as the supreme personality of Godhead. In other schools of philosophy he is the second one of the Hindu Trinity of God.

References of Krishna is also made in other religions like Jainism, Buddhism, Bahai Faith, Ahmadiyya Islam etc. In Jainism he is regarded as one of the 24 tirthankaras.
In the Jatakas of Buddhism, Krishna is mentioned. Jatakas are the stories related to the previous birth of Lord Buddha. The Hindus also regard Buddha as the 10th incarnation of Lord Vishnu. In Ahmadiyya Islam, Krishna is believed to be one of the prophets who came to the earth to save the mankind and destroy the sinners.In Bahai Faith, it is believed that Krishna was the manifestation of God. Krishna came to the world to reveal the words of God for the welfare of humanity.

Each incident related to the life of Lord Krishna has great spiritual significance.
There is a legend that Brahma and Siva requested him to return to perennial home when his mission on earth was completed. Krishna told them that within seven nights he would complete his duties on the earth and return to his perennial abode. His last duty was to destroy the Yadava clan, which was his own clan. (It was a curse of a sage that the yadava clan will be destructed.

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Kalas

The Hindi or Sanskrit word Kala means an art, it can also be termed as a ‘skill’ or an ‘accomplishment’.

Our scriptures mention 64 different Kalas out of which 16 are prominent. For an average person accomplishment of even one skill or art is considered a great achievement. There are very few examples of people excelling in more than one art or skill.

(1) Nritya Kala (Dance): The first kala is called nritya kala or art of dancing. The expressive sequential movements of physical body are known as dance forms. Mainly the dance form is of two types. A dance which depicts an historic event or character is called Nattya whereas an original one is called Anattya.

A dance in fact is very natural expression. When a person is very happy and joyful he or she naturally feels like dancing. A peacock starts dancing on hearing the thunder of clouds.

(2) Vadan Kala (Instrumental Music): Construction of musical instruments and expertise in playing such instruments is an art. As per our scriptures the musical instruments are categorised under four categories.

(a) All those musical instruments which use a wire are called ‘Tat’ examples are Sarangi, Veena, Guitar, Taanpura and Sarod.
(b) Those instruments which are hallow from inside and are played with air are called ‘Sushir’. Examples are flute, Shehnai, Harmonium and Shankh (conch).
(c) Musical instruments which use leather such as Dhol, Nagara, Mridung, Drums, Tabla are called ‘Avnadh’
(d) These are instruments which come in a pair and are played by striking these together and these are called ‘Ghan’. Some examples of this type are Manjeera, Kartaal.

(3) Poshaak Kala (art of dressing): Only a skilful designer knows which design and colour will suit a person best.

(4) Roop Parivartan Kala (art of disguising): Even today we watch in films and television programmes some artists so skilfully disguise their looks.

(5) Dhoot Kala (Gambling): Although gambling is now a days considered bad yet we have examples of even learned people playing gamble. One such example is from the epic Mahabharta where Pandvas lost everything in gamble. In fact it is an art which comes with practice but luck plays a major role in it.

(6) Sugandh Nirmaan Kala (art of making fragrances): Unlike today very fine fragrances also called ‘Ittr’ were labouriously made from natural substances. These days chemical are used and fragrances are manufactured in factories. So it was an art in old days.

(7) Paak Kala (art of cooking): Every body will agree that cooking a tasty meal is an art. There are many cooks but some are famous as cooking is not only a science but an art.

(8) Ras Kala (art of utilising juices): This art was used in making various medicines or food items such as sugar from juice of sugar cane. Even making wines comes under this category.

(9) Shastra Chalana (use of weapons): In ancient times wars were based on art of using a sword, bhala (a protective shield) arrows etc. So it was an art to make and use these skilfully.

(10) Mall Yudh Kala (a sort of wrestling): It is Indian style of wrestling where a person wins after the partner is made to fall on the ground on his back and does not get up soon. Lord Vishnu faought Mall Yudh with
Demons called ‘Madhu’ and Kaitubh’.

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RITUALS

Our ancient scriptures advise us to follow different types of rituals at different phases of lives. All the rituals have some specific meaning and objectives. They enable us to lead a meaningful life.
Markandeya Purana says us about four types of life phases.

We will talk about two practical phases which are Brahmachrya and Family life. Each type of lifestyle has its own objective and principles. And Markandeya Purana enlightens us about them.

Rituals to be followed in Brahmachari life:

• Read the brahmachari scriptures: to acquire the knowledge about the rituals and the rules of brahmachari life, a peson leading he brahmachari way of life must have to read the brahmachari sriputire 

• Perform Agnihotra : Take bath thrice a day. Taking bath has utmost importance in Hinu way of life. In brahmachari life a person is asked to take bath at least thrice a day. It ensures higine as well as it helps in proper blood circulation.  

• Offer the alms to the guru and only as per the instruction of the guru have the alms

• Help the gurus in his activities. In the gurukul, it’s the duty of the brahmachari to help him in all types of activities. 

• Please the guru: a person leading a brahmachari way of life should take all possible steps to make to guru happy and help society .

• Study attentively as per the guidance of the guru. The ultimate objective of the brahmachari way of lefe is o leaern .the person should learn attentively.

• Acquire knowledge of the Vedas from the guru. Vedas are the embodiments of knowledge. Th gteat sages have jotted down precious knowledge in the Vedas. It’s the duty to acquire knowledge from the Vedas and use it for the welfare o the people. 

Give guru dakshina to the guru and return home. After completing education, the brahmachari should offer something to the Guru as dakshina.

The transition from brahmachari life to family life:
To start a family life, when a boy comes out of the brahmachari life, he should find a woman who is similar to him and should get married following all the rituals and traditions.
But the woman should no be from the same gotra or any of its sub-gotra. Scientists have also proved this facts in the recent time. If tow close relatives get married, thiir is a chance of the birth of handicapped child or child with other defects.

In the modern era, the intellectuals often debate about marriage. But Markandeya Purana says “To lead an accurate family life people should get married
A family life is not complete without marriage. To lead the family life in a proper way, marriage is essential. Marriage strengthens the bond of a family. And it leads the family life in a proper way. Family is the smallest unit of the society. And a strong family life leads to a peaceful society. Man is a social animal. Man can’t live without society. And for an organized social life, marriage is essential.

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Significance of Donations in Vedic Culture

Donation mentioned in our scripture as daan is a part and parcel of Vedic culture. Our ancient scripture says about the importance and the necessities of donation in leading a blissful life. To offer wealth with devotion is called donation (daan). Donation offers enjoyment in this world and moksha in the other world (life after death). But the wealth for donations much be earned through honest means and through ethical ways, says the Garuda Purana. Other wise the donation produces no result.

What is the real donation?

All donations don’t produce results. The donations should be a real one. People should not expect anything in return while giving donations and only such a donation produces results. If the donor donates something and expects something in return, it is not called a donation. No condition should be linked to any donation. The donor should be free from any hesitation while giving away something as donation. For the forgiveness of the sin, people donate wealth to the people who are engaged in social welfare activities.

Types of donation

Donations given away expecting child, victory, prosperity and for heavenly abode is called dharmavetta rishigana daan. Donations given to please God is called Vimala daana. This type of daan generates welfare.

Get rid of birth cycle through donation:

People come to this world again and again. People die and take rebirth Garuda Purana shows us a way to come out of the birth cycle .If fertile plot of land full of green crops is donated to a Vedic scholar brahmana, the donor will not take rebirth and attain Moksha

The greatest donation:

Garuda Purana says us abut the greatest donation. To offer land is the greatest daan. No other daan can be equivalent to this. Land is one of the greatest asset that one possesses. And giving away land as dana is regarded as the greatest dana in our scripture. Land is a permanent asset. It’s timeless. And the person is also blessed for life.

To offer education to needy people is very pious. One can ensure a place in brahmalok by offering education to the needy people. If someone offers education to the needy, he can wash away all of his sins.

Donations for getting rid of fear
If someone donates purified butter (ghee), rice, and water in the month of Basisakh, he can get specific results.   The donor can get rid of all types of fear. In the dvadashee thithi (2nd day of Hindu Calendar), a person should fast and worship Vishnu who destroys all the sins.

Whom NOT to donate?

A person who does not have knowledge or perseverance should not accept any donation. If a person without knowledge accepts donations it degenerates his personality. It also produces no result for the donor. Donation should be given to the suitable person only. On some incidents like solar eclipse, lunar eclipse or any other incident showing bad omen, more donations should be given to negate the evil effects

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TYPES OF YANTRA

There are two distinctive shapes of yantra. One is “Bhu” (Earth) and the other is “Meru” (Pole). Bhu Yantras are flat while Meru Yantras are pyramidal.

Different types of yantras have been constructed by ancient scholars for different purposes. All deities have their own yantra, but there are some yantras that are not used for worshipping any particular deity and are meant for some other purposes like attracting wealth, ensuring victory, doing well in business, welcoming good fortune, etc. The yantras can also be the representations of some parts of the human body or some aspects of life.

Shree Yantra

The Shree Yantra is the symbolic form of all gods and goddesses. It is believed that Lord Brahma possessed the Shree Yantra, which is a multi-pyramid geometric grid. It can either be two-dimensional or three-dimensional. The Shree Yantra is mentioned in Vaastu Shastra as a source of positive energy and the Vedas also mention it as a cosmic energy zone The Shree Yantra is regarded as the most auspicious and popular of all yantras as it is believed that this yantra generates prosperity through its inner cosmic power. It’s a structure of nine intertwined triangles. As Lakshmi is also known as Shree, the Shree Yantra is also called as the yantra of Lakshmi by some Vedic scholars.

Mathemetical Yantra
Mathematical Yantras are based on numerology. They are based on numbers, and through numbers, people try to create positive energy for achieving the desired results. In Mathematical Yantra, the sum total of all the numbers is same from all sides.
An example of the mathematical Yantra of Sun (Surya) is given below. It is believed that it negates the evil effects of the solar energy and holds the positive energy of the Sun. If we add the numbers in the following yantra, we will see that it equals 15 from all sides. Number “15” represents the Sun as per numerology. This principle of numerology is amalgamated in the construction of this yantra.

Shiva Yantra/Maha-Mrityunjaya Yantra
Shiva is the god of constructive destruction in the Hindu Trinity. The Shiva Yantra is also called Maha-Mrityunjaya Yantra:“Mrityunjaya” literally means “One Who Wins Over Death”. It’s also another name of Lord Shiva.

The Shiva Yantra should be worshipped daily by chanting the Maha Mrityunjaya Mantra (given below). It should be chanted 11 times every day for 11 consecutive days. It liberates a person from the fear of death, disease and danger.

Om. Tryambakam Yajamahe
Sugandhim Pushti-vardhanam
Urvarukamiva Bandhanan
Mrityor Mukshiya Mamritat

Vishnu Yantra
The Vishnu Yantra is an integral part of Vishnu worship, as it creates the divine atmosphere required for worshipping the Preserver of the universe. One can get blessings from Lord Vishnu if the Vishnu Yantra is worshipped following the rituals as prescribed in our scriptures.

Astrological Yantra:
Through Astrological Yantra, the astrologer tries to predict the future of a person. At a particular point of time, the positions of the nine planets are placed in the yantra and their positive and negative energies are balanced and measured. Depending on the position of the planets in the yantra at the time of one’s birth, the future of that person is predicted.  Each position of a planet at a particular place on the yantra signifies some effects

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How to please Soma (Moon)

Moon has a white and fair complexion. His Clothes, Horses and Rath all three are white. He is positioned on a Lotus. He has a gold crown on the head and a white pearl garland around his neck.

In the Vedic language moon is called Chandra which means shining and glowing.
His Rath is based on three wheels and pulled by ten white horses. Even the eyes and ears of the horses are white.

He is said to complete with sixteen arts. Moon is also called a god of attraction and peace. He is a loving god. He is good to children. He is good for feminist, feminine beauty, there well being and the motherhood care. He is the husband of twenty seven daughters of king Daksha.   His all wives are beautiful and calm. These twenty seven wives of Soma are also known as Nakshtras. This is why Moon takes twenty seven days to move through all zodiac signs. Each night he stays in one of the Nakshtra and moves away the other day.

The Supreme father Brahma designated him as king of medicine, water and Bharamins.
Lord khrishna took avtar in Moon’s family that is why Krishna was master of all sixteen arts.

His day is Monday, his direction is northwest, best metal for him is silver. The nature of Moon is Kapha. Best gemstones are moonstone and pearl. In the zodiac chart he is the lord of Cancer.

How to please Soma.
To create harmony with Soma one should offer sweets made of honey to the Soma at the full moon. This ritual should be done at the time. It ensures peace and prosperity.
If moon is not in harmony it gives breathing problems and lot many other mental tensions. To please him one should keep fast on Monday, offer prayer to lord Shiva, and apply sandal wood tilak on the forehead. Wear white pearls and white clothes.
One should donate rice, camphor, silver metal, conch and white clothes. White flowers, sugar, bull and curd should be donated to a eligible Brahmin.

 The beej (seed,) Mantra for the Lord Soma is
Om Haraam Sharm Shreem Shrom  Sah Chandraya Namh:
The best time to worship surya is in the evening, the best count for his mantra is eleven thousand. His best colour is white. His ruler is Maa Parvati, the element is water.

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Magical Tulsi Benefits

The Tulsi is regarded as a sacred plant in Hinduism, and is an essential component in many rituals. The word, Tulsi literally means , “Incomparable” and true to its name, this plant is truly incomparable because of its medicinal uses. In the stories of Bhagavata and Mahabharata, Tulsi is said to be a devotee of Lord Vishunu, who took reincarnation in the form of a plant that would be offered to Lord Vishnu for his worship. In the Pardma Purana Lord Shiva describes the utilities of Tulsi to Narad.
In our holy scriptures tulsi is addressed by many names like Ajaka, Surasah, Manjari, Parnasa, Bhutagni and Haripriya.

The place around a tulsi plant is considered sacred. A person who is on his deathbed is given tulsi water to drink in order to cleanse his soul. The tulsi also purifies the air. It has been scientifically proved that the tulsi prevents mosquitoes from coming near it, thereby reducing the incidence of malaria. It also has great medicinal properties,and can tackle all types of fevers. The juice of tulsi leaves cures cough and cold.

The sages of yore asked us to nurture and take care of such a magical plant by asking us to worship it and advised us to equate it with the Almighty. Our forefathers were not worshippers of non-living things without any logic; behind each ritual there exists a reason.

Asking certain things to worship means, asking the people to honour and preserve them. Worship of tulsi was a trick by the sages to ask to preserve it. Consequently, people started taking care of this plant and planted it near their home. Hindu tradition teaches us to pay obedience and gratitude to something that is beneficial for us. And the worship of tulsi was just an expression of this gratitude.

BENEFITS OF TULSI:

• Tulsi enhances immunity and metabolic function.
• The anti cough properties of tulsi are well-known.
• It is also helpful in the respiratory problems
• Tulsi also has anti stress properties. It can reduce the level of stress in a human being.
• Tulsi also has anti diabetic properties. In the studies, it have been found that it can reduce the level of glocuse in blood. 
• Tulsi is a de-toxicant. Its regular use can prevent heart attack.

The British, during their rule in India used to mock at the Indians for their beliefs on Tulsi. But when it was discovered by modern medical sciene that tulsi has anabolic, muscle relaxant, hypoglycemic, cardiac depressant, anti-allergic, adaptogenic antifertility and immunomodulator properties, people from all over the world started using tulsi in medicines and growing it.

Most of the facts of Hindu traditions are science. Only they are waiting to be discovered in the light of modern science. So, it will be unwise to ignore something as age-old traditions and many secrets of science are hidden in it.

FESTIVAL OF TULSI:

In Hindu mythology, Tulsi is regarded as the consort of Lord Vishnu. So, she is equalled to Goddess Lakshmi. Tulsi festival is celebrated each year. On this day, she is occassionaly married to Vishnu. This festival is celebrated on  the eleventh day of Shukla Paksha in the month of Kartika. Fom this day, the the marriage season in India also starts. The days after this day are regarded as auspicious.

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Significance of Ganga Snan

Gangafalls on the full moon day (Purnima) in the month of Kartik (mid-November to mid-December), which is the eighth month of the Indian lunar calendar. People bathe on this specific day and pray to Goddess Ganga. They also take an oath that they will not commit any sin.

The significance of this ritual is that if a sinner confesses his sin and starts leading an honest life, he can attain heaven. Bathing in the Ganga is considered equivalent to a confession that one has committed sins in life and he or she has promised to lead an honest lifestyle thereafter, living a sinless life. But if a person again starts committing sins, such a person can never attain heaven even after bathing a thousand times in the Ganga.

There is a story regarding the significance of Ganga Snan. Once, Lord Shiva wanted to see the Earth and so he came down to Earth along with Parvati and Nandi. On their arrival, they saw hundreds of people heading towards the Ganga for a holy bath.

Parvati was surprised and asked Lord Shiva, “You told me that whoever bathes in the Ganga gets salvation and comes to heaven. Do you think that there is sufficient place in heaven for all these people who are heading towards the Ganga?” Lord Shiva smiled and said, “Only a very few of them will be able to come to heaven. Only the person who has come for a holy bath with a pious mind and promises not to commit any sin thereafter can come to heaven. Most of these people have come simply to get rid of their responsibilities, or just show off their religious mind, and some are only satisfying their ego by bathing in the Ganga. Such people will never attain the desired results of a holy dip.”

But Parvati wanted to see for herself, So she told Shiva that she wanted to go to the Ganges riverbank. Both disguised themselves, Shiva as a man afflicted with leprosy and Parvati as his beautiful wife. The disguised Parvati started asking for help. She asked passers-by to help her give a holy bath to her husband so that he would be relieved from this miserable disease. But no one listened to them. Some passed sarcastic and mean comments, while others asked her to leave her leper husband, and still others tried to convince her to marry them and leave the leper husband.

Only one person offered to help and took the disguised Shiva for a holy bath. Then Shiva and Parvati appeared before him in their true form, and blessed him.
Parvati also experienced at first-hand what Lord Shiva had told her.

Festivals of Ganga: 
Ganga Dussehra 
Ganga Dussehra is a festival celebrated in the honour of Goddess Ganga. It is celebrated on the tenth day of the month of Jyaishtha (mid-May to mid-June) in Shukla Paksha. On this day, Goddess Ganga descended to Earth. The word “Dussehra” means that which takes away ten sins.

On this day, people wake up early in the morning and take a holy dip in the Ganga by chanting “Har Har Gange, Har Har Gange”. In places that are far away from the Ganga, people bathe in nearby tank or river and pray to the Ganga. Bathing in the Ganga on this particular day is more significant according to the Hindu scriptures.
 Besides Ganga Dussehra,

Ganga in Mahabharata
An interesting story of Ganga is mentioned in the Mahabharata. Ganga was Bhisma’s mother. King Shantanu, Bhisma’s father, fell in love with Ganga.

Ganga promised to marry him under one condition that Shantanu will never question any action of hers. The king agreed and they got married. When their children were born, Ganga would, each and every time, float them in the river. She did it till the seventh child. When she was about to float the eighth child in the river, King Shantanu stopped her.

As the king broke his promise, Ganga left him forever. Ganga informed him that she was saving the children from a curse. The eighth child was the last cursed child. After that they could have lived happily. Now, the eighth child would have to suffer for that curse. We have read in the Mahabharata the sufferings that Bhisma faced throughout his life.

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THE RIVER GODDESS GANGA

GODDESS GANGA
Ganga (also known as the Ganges) is considered as the holiest river in Hinduism. She is depicted as an extremely beautiful woman, with a white crown adorning her head.
The crocodile is her vahana. She is depicted with a water lily in her right hand and a lute in her left hand. Though the word “Ganga” is mentioned only twice in the Rig Veda, the deity received more significance in the scriptures that were written in the post-Rig Veda era.

Ganga is also known as Vishnu Pada (one who takes birth from Lord Vishnu’s feet). There is a legend that Ganga was produced from the sweat of Lord Vishnu’s feet. Lord Brahma caught it and filled in his kamandala

The tale of Ganga’s descent to Earth from heaven is very popular.

There ruled a king named Sagara in Ayodhya. He had 60,000 sons. When his power and strength increased, King Sagara decided to perform the Rajasuya Yagna. What is so special of this yagna, and who all can perform this yagna?) Indra, the king of the gods, was alarmed by this yagna as he realized that King Sagara would become very powerful once he performed this yagna, and was afraid that he might dethrone him. So he stole the horse of the Ashwamedha Yagna (Rajasuya has been mentioned earlier) and took it to patal. He quietly kept the horse where Sage Kapila was meditating, and went away. Searching for the horse, Sagara‘s sons eventually reached patal and saw the horse standing near Sage Kapila. Mistaking the sage as the thief, they started beating him. His meditation broken, and subjected to such humiliation, his anger reduced all the princes into ashes.

Narada broke the news of his sons’ fate to King Sagara, who was deeply shocked. He prayed to Sage Kapila, and begged pardon, seeking that his sons be brought back to life. Kapila advised him to bring Ganga on the earth and then to patal and when the ashes of his sons are touched by Ganga, they would get salvation.

Seeing no hope in bringing /Ganga to earth, the king renounced his throne and went to the forest by giving his throne to his only surviving son.After many years, Bhagiratha, the great grandson of Sagara, took the responsibility of bringing Ganga to Earth. Taking Shiva’s blessing, he started his mission of bringing Ganga to Earth. Bhagiratha feared that the Earth would be washed away if Ganga fell directly on the Earth. So Ganga’s descent from the heavens was broken into three parts. Lord Shiva “locked” Ganga in his matted hair and controlled her power and force, allowing only a small part of Ganga to flow through the Earth. Bhagiratha, by blowing his conch, showed her the way to flow and ultimately she reached patal and flowed over the ashes of the long-dead sons of Sagara.

Ganga in the Three Worlds
With Ganga’s descent to the Earth, the gods feared that her absence in heaven may create problems. Ganga was needed in heaven as well to wash off their sins. They prayed to Lord Brahma to solve their problem. Brahma assured them that a part of Ganga would remain in heaven too. Consequently, Ganga exists in the three worlds: heaven, Earth and patal. She is known as Mandakini in heaven, Ganga in Earth and Bhagirathi in patal.

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KING OF THE GODS-INDRA

In Hindu mythology, Indra is depicted as the king of the gods, and subsequently as the king of heavens. Airavata, the elephant is his vahana. Airavata appeared during the churning of the sea. Indra’s reign extends for a hundred divine years.

He resides in Mount Meru in heaven, and his capital is narrated as a place of ecstasy and pleasure: it’s full of beautiful houses and palaces, gardens, diamond pillars, with thrones and furniture made of gold. It is 800 miles in circumference and 40 miles high. Fragrant flowers spread their aromas enticing all. Apsaras (nymphs) charm the inhabitants with music and dance.

Indra is depicted with four hands. With two hands, he holds a lance; the third hand carries a thunderbolt. The fourth hand is empty. Sometimes he is also depicted with two arms and with eyes all over his body. In this appearance, Indra is also called Sahasraksha, which means “The Thousand Eyed”. In this appearance, Indra carries a thunderbolt in his right hand and a bow in his left hand.

Indra is the god of firmament. As per our mythology, refreshing showers come at his command. In Vedic verses, the valour of Indra is described in a story. The clouds that the winds brought from the sea refused to rain, till Indra forced them to pour down on Earth. In some other verses, he is mentioned as the twin brother of Agni, and Agni is mentioned as a twin brother of Heaven and Earth, it can be assumed from the verses that Indra is also the son of Heaven and Earth.

Although Indra is regarded as the king of gods and Heaven, Indra is hardly given any importance in religious rituals and he is not popular in the present day and age. Still, he is worshipped in a few places in India before any auspicious festival, with the expectation of good weather. Temples dedicated to Indra is also not common in localities inhabited by Hindus.

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LIFE OF DEITY HANUMAN

Hanuman, the monkey god of Hinduism and son of Vayu (God of Wind) and Anjana, is the ultimate personification of devotion. Hanuman is the only character who appears both in the Ramayana and the Mahabharata. Moreover, we find a description of Hanuman in the Agni Purana.His devotion and loyalty to Rama is beyond any comparison. Lord Hanuman is worshipped in a number of temples in India. Sometimes his idol is set up standing alone or sometimes he is worshipped with a Rama-Sita duo image.

Worshipped for strength and prosperity, Hanuman is also the most favoured deity of young men, especially wrestlers and sportsmen. Tales of his bravery, valour and wit have regaled many generations, as have stories of how he changed his shape and size to get the better of a demon or hostile creature in his various endeavours.

In his childhood, Hanuman saw the Sun and was sure it was a ripe fruit hanging in the sky. He increased his size, leapt up into the sky and swallowed the Sun. All the gods and goddesses were worried as darkness filled the universe with the disappearance of the sun. Realizing Hanuman’s power, they all pleaded with him to release the sun. Hanuman complied, and the universe was saved.

In another story, Hanuman was swallowed by a demon. He then increased his size, till eventually the demon was forced to release him. In yet another story, Lord Hanuman made himself very tiny after being swallowed by a demon. Then he came out through the demon’s ear.

Lord Hanuman’s exploits are also narrated in the stories of Ramayana. When he allowed himself to be caught in Lanka and his tail was set on fire, he set himself free, and leapt from building to building, palace to palace, razing down the beautiful city of Lanka, with his burning tail. Then again, in one of the battles between Rama and Ravana, Lakshman fell unconscious. Hanuman was told to get the herb Sanjivani before sundown from the Himalayan foothills if Lakshman was to be saved. Hanuman flew there all the way from Lanka, but in spite of searching for the plant, could not locate it. Hence, he lifted the entire mountain and returned to Lanka with it before sundown, thus saving not only Lakshman but many other critically wounded warriors.

Hanuman was also vastly knowledgeable. It has been mentioned in the Ramayana, that
“The Chief of the banarsena was a perfect being. No one could equal him in the learning of scriptures and comprehending their inner meanings. He was also the ninth author of grammar. Rama blessed his greatest devotee Hanuman with perpetual youth and immortality.

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SARASWATI - GODDESS OF KNOWLEDGE & ART

The wife of Brahma, Saraswati is,the goddess of knowledge and learning. In the Brahma Vaivarta Purana, it has been mentioned that Lord Vishnu had three wives, namely, Lakshmi, Saraswati and Ganga. Since they were quarrelling with each other, he decided to offer Ganga to Shiva and Saraswati to Brahma. But this story is less discussed in other scriptures.

Saraswati is the mother of the Vedas. She is visualized in the form of an extremely beautiful woman, dressed in white. She sits on a lotus and carries a lute in her hands. The swan is her vahana. Goddess Saraswati has four hands. In her two other hands she carries a book and a garland of pearls known as Shiva Mala (The garland of Shiva) (What does she hold in her 4th hand?). It is believed that she invented writing (the Devanagari script). It is also believed that the Vedas have sprung from her head. Saraswati is worshipped on the day of Basant Panchami (the fifth day of expanding moon, a fortnight in the Hindu month of Magha (mid-Jan to mid-Feb). It’s also the first day of the spring season. Saraswati puja is very popular in eastern India.

Temples dedicated to Saraswati are very rare. Still, some Saraswati temples exist in India and Nepal.

Other Names of Saraswati

• Bharati (in her manifestation as Eloquence)
• Maha Vidya (Transcendental Knowledge)
• Vach Devi (Goddess of Speech)
• Maha Vani (TTranscendental Word)
• Arya (Noble One)
• Brahmi ( Power of Immense Being)
• Bhija Garbha (Seed of the Word)
• Dhameshwari(Diversity of Wealth)

The Goddess of Music
Saraswati is also the goddess of music. She is associated with music in all its aspects. If a person is studying and practicing music, he or she should invoke Saraswati for her blessings. For all intelligence related activities, Goddess Saraswati should be prayed for spiritual energy and devotion.

In mythology, some stories of enmity between Lakshmi and Saraswati are found. Lakshmi is the goddess of wealth and Saraswati is the goddess of learning. Their enmity  implies that wealth and learning can never be combined. In the quest of knowledge, wealth should not come in the way.

Saraswati has a unique position in Hindu mythology. Unlike the major gods and the goddess of Hinduism, she does not have a Purana dedicated to her. All the other deities have a Purana that tells us stories about them, as well as the benefits of worshipping them. But no such Purana is available in Hindu traditions. Saraswati has been worshipped since time immemorial as the goddess of learning, art and speech. She is the inspiration of students in acquiring knowledge. With devotion to Saraswati comes devotion and dedication in learning.

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